Compare like with like
Check billing days, actual versus estimated readings and changes in occupancy, irrigation or equipment. A higher charge and a higher measured volume are different observations. Ask the utility to clarify an unfamiliar reading or charge.
Observe a quiet-use period
If safely accessible, record the meter before and after a period when known uses are off. Account for ice makers, irrigation, automatic refills and treatment regeneration. Meter movement is evidence of flow; it does not identify the location by itself.
Visible clues can be useful
Look for recurring toilet refill sounds, damp areas, staining or treatment discharge from a safe position. A toilet dye test may help when appropriate to the fixture instructions. Do not open walls or approach wet electrical equipment to locate a leak.
Limit active damage safely
For spreading water, use a clearly identified and safely reachable shutoff if you know how, without forcing the valve. Stay out of water near electricity. Document the area and contact qualified help. A concealed leak may require targeted diagnostic equipment before repair.
Sources & further reading
Primary references for this guide. Confirm current requirements and notices with the responsible authority.
General information helps you prepare. Actual conditions, equipment instructions and the responsible authority determine the work at your property.